Gottingen University
| University of Göttingen |
|---|
| Georg-August-Universität Göttingen |
 |
| Latin: Universitas Regiæ Georgiæ Augustæ |
| Motto | In publica commoda (Latin)
Zum Wohle aller
(German) |
| Motto in English | For the good of all |
| Established | 1734 |
| Type | Public Law foundation (Stiftung öffentlichen Rechts, since 2003) |
| President | Prof. Dr. Ulrike Beisiegel |
| Admin. staff | 10.876 |
| Students | 24.143 |
| Location | Gottingen, Lower Saxony, Germany |
| Affiliations | German Excellence Universities
Coimbra Group
EUA |
| Website | www.uni-goettingen.de |
The University of Gottingen is a university in the city of Gottingen, Germany.
Founded in 1734 by George II, King of Great Britain and Elector of Hanover, it opened for classes in 1737. The University of Göttingen soon grew in size and popularity. Göttingen is a historic university city, with a high student and faculty population.
The University of Göttingen is one of the highest-ranked universities in Germany. It is associated with 45 Nobel laureates.
The university has a sound international reputation and was ranked 1st in Germany, 9th in Europe and 43rd in the world in 2010 by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings. At the same time, it was ranked 4th in Germany, 30th in Europe and 93rd in the world in 2010 by the Academic Ranking of World Universities. The 2011 QS World University Rankings ranked the university at 149th, 25 places higher than the year previous.
History
Inauguration
King George II, founder and president of the university
In 1734, King George II of Great Britain, who was also Elector of Hanover, gave his Prime Minister in Hanover, Gerlach Adolph von Münchhausen, the order to establish a university in Gottingen to propagate the ideas of academic freedom and enlightenment at the times of the European Enlightenment.
18th – 19th centuries
Throughout the remainder of the 18th century the University of Gottingen was in the top rank of German universities, with its free spirit and atmosphere of scientific exploration and research. By 1812, Göttingen had become an internationally acknowledged modern university with a library of more than 250,000 volumes. Napoleon had studied law here and remarked that "Göttingen belongs to the whole Europe".
In the first years of the University of Göttingen it became known for its faculty of law. In the 18th century Johann Stephan Pütter, the most prestigious scholar of public law at that time, taught jus publicum here for half a century. The subject had attracted students such as Klemens Wenzel Lothar von Metternich, later diplomat and Prime Minister of Austria, and Wilhelm von Humboldt, who later established the University of Berlin. In 1809 Arthur Schopenhauer, the German philosopher best known for his work The World as Will and Representation, became a student at the university, where he studied metaphysics and psychology under Gottlob Ernst Schulze, who advised him to concentrate on Plato and Kant.
King George II in the Pauliner Church in 1748
By the university's centenary in 1837, it was known as the "university of law", as the students enrolled by the faculty of law often made up more than half of the university's students. Göttingen became a Mecca for the study of public law in Germany. Heinrich Heine, the famous German poet, studied law and was awarded the degree of Dr.iur..
However, political disturbances, in which both professors and students were implicated, lowered the attendance to 860 in 1834. The expulsion in 1837 of the seven professors – Die Göttinger Sieben – the Germanist, Wilhelm Eduard Albrecht (1800–1876); the historian Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann (1785–1860); the orientalist Georg Heinrich August Ewald (1803–1875); the historian Georg Gottfried Gervinus (1805–1875); the physicist Wilhelm Eduard Weber (1804–1891); and the philologists, the brothers Jakob (1785–1863) and Wilhelm Grimm (1786–1859), for protesting against the revocation by King Ernest Augustus I of Hanover of the liberal constitution of 1833, further reduced the prosperity of the university. Prior to this, the Brothers Grimm had taught here and compiled the first German Dictionary.
The old Building of the University and its library in 1815
The Pauliner Church, once the seat of the University Library in which Heinrich Heine, the Brothers Grimm, and Goethe worked
In the 19th century, Gustav von Hugo, the forerunner of the historical school of law, and Rudolf von Jhering, a jurist who created the theory of "culpa in contraendo" and wrote Battle for Right, taught here and maintained the reputation of the faculty of law. Otto von Bismarck, the main creator and the first Chancellor of the second German Empire, had also studied law in Göttingen in 1833: he lived in a tiny house on the "Wall", now known as "Bismarck Cottage". According to oral tradition, he lived there because his rowdiness had caused him to be banned from living within the city walls.
Göttingen also had a focus on natural science, especially mathematics. Carl Friedrich Gauss taught here in the 19th century. Bernhard Riemann, Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet and a number of significant mathematicians made their contributions to mathematics here. By 1900, David Hilbert and Felix Klein had attracted mathematicians from around the world to Göttingen, which made Göttingen a world mecca of mathematics at the beginning of the 20th century.
End of the 19th century – beginning of the 20th century
During this period, the University of Göttingen achieved its academic peak.
The old Auditorium Maximum (built in 1826-1865)
In 1903, its teaching staff numbered 121 and its students 1529. Ludwig Prandtl joined the university in 1904, and developed it into a leader in fluid mechanics and in aerodynamics over the next two decades. In 1925, Prandtl was appointed as the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Fluid Mechanics. He introduced the concept of boundary layer and founded mathematical aerodynamics by calculating air flow in the down wind direction. Many of Prandtl's students went on to make fundamental contributions to aerodynamics.
From 1921 to 1933, the physics theory group was led by Max Born, who, during this time, became one of the three discoverers of the non-relativistic theory of quantum mechanics. He may also have been the first to propose its probabilistic relationship with classical physics. It was one of the main centers of the development of modern physics.
To date, 45 Nobel Prize laureates have studied, taught or made contributions here. Most of these prizes were given in the first half of the 20th century, which was called the "Göttingen Nobel prize wonder".
Alte Aula (
Great Hall), also Karzer, at Wilhelmsplatz (built in 1835-1837)
Social studies and the study of humanities continued to flourish. Edmund Husserl, the philosopher and known as the father of phenomenology, taught here. Max Weber, the sociologist studied here for one term.
"Great purge" of 1933
In the 1930s, the university became a focal point for the Nazi crackdown on "Jewish physics", as represented by the work of Albert Einstein. In what was later called the "great purge" of 1933, academics including Max Born, Victor Goldschmidt, James Franck, Eugene Wigner, Leo Szilard, Edward Teller, Emmy Noether, and Richard Courant were expelled or fled. Most of them fled Nazi Germany for places like the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Ireland.
The Monument of King William IV who bequeathed Aula to the university in 1837
The interior of the university Aula
Renovation after War
After World War II, the University of Göttingen was the first university in the western Zones to be re-opened under British control in 1945. Jürgen Habermas, a German philosopher and sociologist, pursued his study here in Göttingen. Later, Richard von Weizsäcker, the former President of Germany, earned his Dr.Jur. here. Gerhard Schroder, the former Chancellor of Germany, also graduated from the school of law here in Göttingen, and he became a lawyer thereafter.
Current status
Today the university consists of 13 faculties and about 24,000 students are enrolled. More than 2,500 professors and other academics work at the University, assisted by a technical and administrative staff of over 10,000. The post-war expansion of the University led to the establishment of a new, modern 'university quarter' in the north of the town. The architecture of the old university can still be seen in the Auditorium Maximum (1826/1865) and the Great Hall (1835/1837) on the Wilhelmsplatz.
A Mission Statement for Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Preambl
IN PUBLICA COMMODA - FOR THE GOOD OF ALL reads the inscription on the Foundation Medal of Georg-August-Universität Göttingen. Established in the age of the Enlightenment (1737) and committed to its critical spirit, the "Georgia Augusta" was one of Europe's first universities to abandon the supremacy of theology and achieve equality for all faculties. Emphasis on basic research and orientation towards source criticism and experimentation proved to be decisive preconditions for the development of the modern humanities and natural sciences, a development strongly influenced by the Georgia Augusta.The history of Georg-August-Universität Göttingen has to this day been characterised by scholarly pragmatism and a sense of reality as well as keen awareness for science's societal responsibility. This tradition embraces the contributions of the "Göttinger Sieben" (1837) and those of Max Born, Otto Hahn, Werner Heisenberg and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, who initiated the "Göttinger Erklärung" (1957) calling for the abandonment of nuclear weapons of every description. It is in this tradition that the Georgia Augusta today defines itself and its mission. Remembering the darkest chapter of its history during the period of National Socialism, the University is committed to utilising its strengths in shaping a humane, tolerant and peaceful world.
Self-perception
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen recognises its position within the scientific community where it stands together with the research universities of international significance. Within the areas of research and teaching, study and further education, the University's aims are
- to preserve traditional perceptions discerningly, to render them usable and, by way of excellent teaching, to hand them on to future generations;
- to gain new knowledge in all disciplines, also across and beyond conventional boundaries;
- to enable all those studying at the University to act with responsibility in their scientific activities, as well as in all fields of cultural, political and economic life.
In its tradition as a leading University of the Enlightenment, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen is committed in its duty
- to maintain the close alliance of research and teaching for their mutual stimulation;
- to consider in critical reflection the political, social and commercial interests of the day;
- in so doing, to preserve and defend the University's freedom in research and its independence in scientific teaching.
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen perceives itself as a font of innovation to enrich all spheres of life, regarding it as its task
- to collaborate with other scientific institutions in research and teaching,
- to publicise its research findings and promote their utilisation and
- to contribute to the responsible development of its regional environment.
Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen
- seeks to contribute to the realisation of equal opportunities and the overcoming of all gender-related, ethnic, cultural, social and religious disadvantages that oppose this;
- is committed to ensuring strict observance of the ethical principles of good scientific practice;
- informs the general public about the administering of its tasks and strives for open debate on the outcomes of its endeavours.
Aims and Means
On the basis of its achievements in research and teaching, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen seeks to heighten its international reputation by concentrating on its special strengths:
- Internationality - enhancing its ability to attract scientists, scholars and students from abroad; expansion of international networks and partnerships for fostering research and young scientists
- Research-based teaching and learning - development of research-related study programmes and occupationally-orientated training and further education courses, graduate schools, and junior research groups in which young scholars and scientists conduct independent research
- Interdisciplinarity and diversity - intensifying the collaboration between the humanities and the social, natural and life sciences, and preservation of subject diversity in the interests of problem-solving to shape the future
- Autonomy - strengthening the self-responsibility of the University as a Public Law Foundation, including also that of its boards, faculties and institutions
- Cooperation with non-university institutions - extending and institutionalising the collaboration with appropriate research establishments in science, commerce and the community
Faculties
Logo of the Faculty of Law
Logo of the Faculty of Philosophy (including History, Philology, etc.)
Logo of the Faculty of Medicine
Logo of the Faculty of Agriculture
Logo of the
Faculty of Forestry
Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science
Faculty of Physics
Faculty of Chemistry
Faculty of Biology
Faculty of Geo-sciences
Logo of the
Faculty of Theology
University Library (right),
Verfügungsgebäude (center) and
Faculty of Law (left)
Faculty
Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Informatics
Medicine
Centres and Institutes
Law, Economic Sciences, Social Sciences
Humanities and Theology
Centres and Institutes
Newly organised centers
Humanities and Theology
Natural Sciences, Mathematics, and Informatics
Law, Economic Sciences, and Social Sciences
Associated Institututes
Departments
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- Akademische Selbstverwaltung
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- Prüfungsausschüsse/-ämter
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- Verwaltung - ohne Universitätsmedizin
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- Vorstand und Verwaltung Universitätsmedizin
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- Studierendenvertretung und studentische Organisationen
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- Zentrale und gemeinsame Einrichtungen
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- Interdisziplinäre Wissenschaftliche Zentren
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- Universitätsnahe Einrichtungen
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- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
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- Fakultät für Mathematik und Informatik
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- Fakultät für Geowissenschaften und Geographie
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- Fakultät für Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie
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- Fakultät für Agrarwissenschaften
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- Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät
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- Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät
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Course
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- Zentrale und gemeinsame Einrichtungen
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- Interdisziplinäre Wissenschaftliche Zentren
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- Universitätsnahe Einrichtungen
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- Fakultät für Mathematik und Informatik
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- Fakultät für Geowissenschaften und Geographie
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- Fakultät für Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie
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- Fakultät für Agrarwissenschaften
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- Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät
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- Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät
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- Öffentliche Veranstaltungen
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- Interdisziplinäre Studiengänge
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Associated institutions
The university is organizationally and personally interlinked with the following independent and semi-independent institutions. There are four Max Planck Society for the Promotion of Science Institutes situated in Göttingen:
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer Institute)
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, formerly Max Planck Institute for Flow Research
- Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity, formerly Max Planck Institute for History
- German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research
Besides, the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, formerly Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy is closely linked and has cooperation with the university.
Library
Closely linked with the university is the Göttingen State and University Library (German: Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, or SUB Göttingen; English short form: Goettingen SUB). With its more than 4 million volumes and precious manuscripts, the library is designed for Göttingen University as well as the central library for the German State of Lower Saxony (with its central catalogue) and for the Göttingen Academy of Sciences, originally founded as the 'Royal Society for Sciences'.
New library building and "Raumskulptur" sculpture
Traditional Observatory of the University
Gardens
- The university maintains three botanical gardens: the Alte Botanische Garten der Universität Göttingen, the Neuer Botanischer Garten der Universität Göttingen, and the Forstbotanischer Garten und Pflanzengeographisches Arboretum der Universität Göttingen.
Tradition
The most famous tradition of the university is that every PhD student who has just passed her/his rigorosum (oral doctoral test) shall sit in a wagon – decorated with flowers and balloons and accompanied by relatives and friends, drive around the inner city and arrive at the Marktplatz – the central square where the old town hall and the Gänseliesel statue are located. The "newly born doctor" shall climb up to the statue of Gänseliesel (a poor princess in an old fairy tale who was compelled to keep geese by a wicked woman and later regained her identity), kiss the Gänseliesel and give bouquets to her.
Campus life
There is an old saying about life in Göttingen, still inscribed in Latin nowadays on the wall of the entrance to the Ratskeller (the restaurant located in the basement of the old town hall): Extra Gottingam non est vita, si est vita, non est ita (There is no life outside Göttingen. Even if it is life, it is no life like here).
"Ancient university towns are wonderfully alike. Göttingen is like Cambridge in England or Yale in America: very provincial, not on the way to anywhere - no one comes to these backwaters except for the company of professors. And the professors are sure that this is the centre of the world. There is an inscription in the Rathskeller there which reads 'Extra Gottingam non est vita', 'Outside Göttingen there is no life'. This epigram, or should I call it epitaph, is not taken as seriously by the undergraduates as by the professors."(Bronowski, 1973, The Ascent of Man, p. 360)
Gänseliesel fountain and pedestrian zone
The university is spread out in several locations around the city: The central university complex with the main library and Mensa (dining hall) is located right next to the inner city and comprises the faculties for Theology, Law, Economics/Business Administration and Linguistics. The departments of Ancient History, Classics, various languages, and Psychology are nearby. Elsewhere in the city are the departments of Anthropology, Mathematics and Educational Sciences as well as the Medical Faculty with its associated hospitals.
Just north of the city a new scientific center has been built in which most of the natural sciences (Chemistry, Microbiology, Plant Pathology, Agronomy, Forestry, Geology, Physics, Computer Science) are now located, including the GZMB. Other institutes are set around the inner city.
The University offers eight snack shops and six Mensas serving lunch at low prices for the students. One Mensa also provides dinner for students.
Research
Research Profile
Promoting Research
Research Institutions
Knowledge Transfer
Photo of University
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